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Introdução: A lesão medular (LM), traz consequências devastadoras do ponto de vista biológico, psicológico e social confrontando a pessoa com múltiplos e complexos desafios. Um programa de reabilitação multidisciplinar deve ser estabelecido desde a fase aguda, com enfase na prevenção de complicações, na promoção do autocuidado, na reeducação funcional e na reinserção social. O enfermeiro de reabilitação tem um papel relevante acompanhando a os primeiros passos dos percursos de autonomia da pessoa com LM. Com este estudo pretende-se mapear áreas de intervenção de enfermagem promotoras de independência e autonomia em pessoas com LM em fase aguda e subaguda.
Metodologia: Revisão do tipo Scoping, com base no modelo do Joanna Briggs Institute. A formulação da questão de investigação baseou-se no acrónimo PCC (População, Conceito e Contexto). Os artigos foram extraídos das bases de dados Web of Science, Scopus, Scielo, PubMed, CINALH e APA PsycInfo, redigidos em português e inglês, com limite temporal 2011-2021.
Resultados: dos 437 estudos identificados incluíram-se 69 na revisão. Formaram-se 10 categorias de áreas de intervenção de enfermagem promotoras de independência e autonomia na pessoa com LM. Foi evidenciada a importância de intervenções promotoras do bem-estar psicológico e de programas de educação para a promoção do autocuidado, prevenção de complicações e regresso a casa seguro.
Conclusão: Garantir uma resposta de tratamento onde se inclui reabilitação adequada e atempada, ainda na fase aguda e subaguda, seguida por serviços de apoio e ambientes acessíveis, ajudarão a minimizar a interrupção dos projetos de vida das pessoas com LM e suas famílias. As áreas de cuidado à pessoa com LM em fase aguda, enquadram-se nas competências específicas do enfermeiro de reabilitação.
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