Palabras clave
posición de pie
calzado
lesiones en lo pie
ergonomía
enfermeras
Categorías
Cómo citar
Citações
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Resumen
Introducción: La bipedestación prolongada puede causar lesiones en tendones y ligamentos, sobre todo en pies y tobillos, si no se toman medidas preventivas. El calzado inadecuado se asocia a un aumento del dolor y los trastornos del pie, especialmente entre las enfermeras. Esta revisión narrativa pretende sintetizar de forma exhaustiva la bibliografía existente sobre recomendaciones de calzado para enfermeras en posiciones prolongadas de pie, haciendo hincapié en las estrategias de atención sanitaria y los beneficios de la rehabilitación. Pretende proporcionar una visión general exhaustiva, al tiempo que identifica lagunas para futuras investigaciones.
Metodología: Se realizó una revisión narrativa de la literatura utilizando bases de datos como MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science y ScienceDirect. Se incluyeron los estudios que describían las características del calzado y las indicaciones terapéuticas para los trabajadores en contextos de bipedestación prolongada, siguiendo la directriz PRISMA.
Resultados: Se analizaron 23 estudios publicados entre 1998 y 2021 , que revelaron recomendaciones para reducir los niveles de fatiga del gastrocnemio con plantillas viscoelásticas y soporte para el arco del pie. Se recomienda un calzado personalizado con amortiguación para reducir la presión máxima y aliviar problemas como callosidades y ampollas. El calzado blando ayuda a reducir la formación de edemas, y es crucial optimizar la climatización del zapato. La combinación de alfombrillas antifatiga y calzado deportivo aumenta el confort.
Discusión: La investigación actual se centra principalmente en el impacto de la plantilla, dejando áreas como el confort psicológico y la aceptación del diseño del calzado en gran medida inexploradas. Las investigaciones futuras deberían investigar la influencia del entorno del pie y del calzado, teniendo en cuenta las variaciones en la salud del pie entre grupos de trabajadores.
Conclusión: Pocos estudios abordan las necesidades de calzado de las enfermeras. Las investigaciones futuras deberían proporcionar información detallada sobre las características del calzado y sus beneficios podológicos para las enfermeras.
Citas
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