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tiempo de internación
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Introducción: La hospitalización prolongada y la falta de actividad durante la misma se asocian a deterioro funcional, mayores complicaciones y aumento de los costes sanitarios. Los programas de marcha son estrategias que promueven niveles de movilidad que permiten revertir estos resultados. Este estudio pretende hacer un mapeo de la literatura sobre el impacto de los programas de marcha en la duración de la estancia hospitalaria.
Metodología: Revisión de alcance basada en el modelo del Instituto Joanna Briggs. La formulación de la pregunta de investigación se basó en el acrónimo PCC - población: pacientes hospitalizados; concepto: programas de marcha con impacto en la duración de la estancia hospitalaria; contexto: hospital. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos PubMed, Scielo y PsyInfo, limitándose a artículos escritos en portugués e inglés, en el intervalo de tiempo 2017 a 2022.
Resultados: De los 53 estudios identificados, 24 se incluyeron en la revisión. Se encontraron programas de marcha en diferentes ámbitos de hospitalización, incluidos en protocolos de intervención multimodal, en programas globales de ejercicio que incluyen la marcha y en programas exclusivos de marcha. Se encontró que los programas de marcha tienen un impacto en los indicadores clínicos y no clínicos, reflejados en la duración de la estancia hospitalaria. Un tercio de los artículos analizados concluyó que los programas de marcha reducen la estancia hospitalaria entre 1 e 3 días.
Conclusión: Los programas de marcha son estrategias baratas, viables en entornos hospitalarios, que mejoran los niveles de movilidad y funcionalidad y pueden asociarse a estancias hospitalarias más cortas.
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Derechos de autor 2023 Revista Portuguesa de Enfermería de Rehabilitación
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