Palabras clave
ejercício
reabilitacion cardíaca
enfermeira de rehabilitación
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Resumen
Introducción: Los pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca descompensada se caracterizan por una alta intolerancia a la actividad asociada con disnea y edema. El entrenamiento físico permite una mayor tolerancia al ejercicio y una función cardíaca mejorada.
Objetivo: identificar signos de modulación cardíaca y la consiguiente mejora de la capacidad funcional después de la implementación de un plan de ejercicio estructurado.
Método: Relato de caso de enfoque cuantitativo. Paciente con insuficiencia cardíaca descompensada de etiología isquémica y valvular, que manifiesta un alto grado de intolerancia a la actividad, así como descompensación hemodinámica.
Los parámetros fisiológicos como frequenica cardiaca, tensión arterial, percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo evaluada por la escala de Borg y la tolerância del paciente a la actividad en el momento de la admisión y durante las sesiones de entrenamiento. El T6MM se aplicó en dos momentos diferentes: en el cuarto día de hospitalización y en la fecha de alta, como una forma de evaluar la evolución de la capacidad funcional. El paciente en cuestión es parte de un ensayo clínico aleatorizado que tiene como objetivo evaluar la eficacia y la seguridad del ejercicio físico, y se utiliza como herramientas de evaluación en la escala LCADL, el índice de Barthel y el T6MM.
Resultados: Hubo una mejora en la capacidad funcional de la persona, evaluada mediante la prueba de caminata de 6 minutos (T1: 210m, T2: 295m), así como una reducción en la frecuencia cardíaca en reposo (85 lpm frente a 68 lpm) y entrenamiento. (145bpm vs 94bpm). No se encontraron eventos adversos durante las sesiones de entrenamiento.
Conclusiones: La intervención implementada en esta situación clínica demostró ser segura e igualmente efectiva para mejorar la capacidad funcional y modular la frecuencia cardíaca en reposo y durante el entrenamiento.
Citas
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Derechos de autor 2019 Revista Portuguesa de Enfermagem de Reabilitação
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